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| 衰老與良性前列腺增生 BPH - a consequence of aging | |||||||||||
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 什麼是前列腺？前列腺是在男性生殖系統中一個小腺體。它位於膀胱以下，圍繞尿道。前列腺協助分泌精液中乳白色液體，這些液體有助精子的傳輸。 什麼是前列腺肥大（良性前列腺增生BPH）？ 男性隨年齡增長，前列腺會慢慢增大。這情況與癌症無關，被稱為前列腺肥大（或良性前列腺增生，BPH）。 BPH通常在什麼年齡出現？ 四分之一40歲以上及三分之一60歲以上男性都有前列腺增生問題。 通常年過四十，前列腺便開始增大。 前列腺增生症是如何發生的？前列腺增生症可能是由於人體衰老和和男性荷爾蒙分泌兩大因素結合，觸發了前列腺細胞的增長。由於前列腺變大，它可能會壓抑尿道。尿道縮小則導致某些前列腺增生的男性有排尿困難。 前列腺增生的警號： 流尿偏弱，或開始和結束排尿有困難 尿液滲漏 尿液滴漏，小便後尤其明顯 總覺尿液未能排空 開始排尿時感困難 尿頻，晚上尤其明顯 突然非常想小便 尿液呈血等 然而，許多男性雖然有前列腺增生但卻沒有症狀。如你有尿道感染，排尿時則可能有灼痛或疼痛感覺。 BPH有什麼治療方案？ 當症狀輕微時，醫生會建議例行檢查但無須治療-這是觀察階段。 一旦症狀變得嚴重或有並發症，醫生可能會建議手術治療。 不過，如果症狀溫和，很多時醫生會處方一些西藥抒緩症狀。 維護前列腺健康的第一步： 雖然你未必能阻止前列腺增生，但可以採取一些措施減少症狀。 你可以： 限制含酒精和咖啡因飲料的攝入量，這在晚上尤其重要。 飲食調節：避免太多糖、煙草、汽水、辛辣食物、咖啡、酒精和紅肉等。多吃蔬菜、豆類和新鮮魚類。 如服用西藥（例如一些咳嗽或感冒藥、抗抑鬱藥等）令問題惡化，應盡快咨詢醫生或藥劑師商討是否需要換藥或停藥。 一種稱為凱格爾訓練（Kegel exercises）的運動能強化骨盆肌肉（用於小便的肌肉），使這些肌肉更有力，幫助延長尿液在膀胱的儲存時間。 瑜伽運動有助肌肉伸展和強化，改善血液循環。 與配偶維持良好的性生活。 有關BPH的自然療法涉及服用草藥，包括鋸棕櫚、非洲刺李和南瓜籽油等。 鋸棕櫚（Saw palmetto ）是原產於美國東南沿岸至得克薩斯州的一種細小的棕櫚樹，印第安人將它作為食物和藥物已有非常久遠的歷史。鋸棕櫚或許可以幫助抑制睪酮轉化為雙氫睪酮DHT，並減輕泌尿系統的相關問題。 對於輕至中度前列腺增生患者來說，鋸棕櫚的有效作用和和良好的耐受性確實能幫助他們減輕痛苦。事實上，大部分雙盲對照臨床試驗的結果均表明，服用鋸棕櫚的組合比服用安慰劑的人士，泌尿系統疾病與前列腺增生的問題都得到更安全有效的症狀緩解。 鋸棕櫚與處方藥物Proscar比較的研究也非常有趣。（Proscar與鋸棕櫚都有類似作用，能抑制睪酮轉化為雙氫睪酮。）在為期6個月的雙盲隨機等效性研究中，1098個患有中度前列腺增生病人使用鋸棕櫚後症狀得而大幅改善，生活質素提高，尿流率增加。此外，鋸棕櫚在有關性慾減退和陽痿問題的問卷中情況均優於Proscar。 大多數涉及鋸棕櫚的研究都是采用每日兩次每次攝取160毫克或每日一次攝取320毫（含85至95％脂肪酸標準提取物）的劑量作研究。 這類型藥劑主要使用軟膠囊劑型。 非洲刺李 Pygeum 具有抗炎特性，對治療前列腺特別有效。 這種草藥某程度上通過抑制眾多促成發炎的因素，能舒緩炎症状。在總結18項隨機對照試驗涉及1562名前列腺增生病人的評估中表明，非洲刺李顯著改善泌尿系統症狀和尿流量。 南瓜籽也是常見的治療前列腺增生的草藥。在一項大型臨床試驗涉及2245人的研究中，南瓜籽提取物能減少前列腺增生的症狀達百分之四十七，提高生活質素達百分之四十六。一項雙盲研究表明，南瓜子油結合鋸棕櫚一起使用，成功降低了BPH症狀。 在另一個涉及1305人患有前列腺增生的大型臨床試驗發現，南瓜籽和鋸棕櫚結合使用能減少日間排尿次數達百分之六十八和夜間排尿次數達百分之八十二。 另外，喜馬拉雅印度草藥公司經廣泛的研究和測試，挑選了多種印度草藥成分制成前列康Himplasia，能發揮獨特的草本和礦物質雙重療效，也有效減輕男性前列腺增生帶來的煩惱。 相關產品 Related Product: What is the prostate? The prostate is a small gland in the male reproductive system. It is located below the bladder and is wrapped around the urethra (the tube for urine to flow). Prostate contributes to the milky fluid (semen) that helps carry the sperm. What is enlarged prostate (benign prostatic hyperplasia)? As men age, their prostate enlarges. This condition is non-cancerous and is called enlarged prostate, or benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). At what age does BPH develop? One in four men over 40, and one in three men over 60, have BPH. The prostate often starts enlarging when a man is past forty. How does BPH occur? BPH is a consequence of aging and a disorder of the male hormone testosterone, which triggers a growth in prostate cells. As the prostate grows larger, it may press on the urethra. The narrowing of the urethra can cause some men with BPH to have trouble with urination. Warning signs that may indicate an enlarged prostate: * a weak stream of urine, or stopping and starting of the stream * leaking of urine * dribbling of urine, especially after urinating * a sense of not emptying the bladder * difficulty starting urination * frequent urination, especially at night * a strong and sudden desire to urinate * blood in the urine. Many men with enlarged prostates have no symptoms. If you have a urinary tract infection, you may have burning or pain during urination. What are my treatment options? If you have mild symptoms, your doctor will suggest routine check-ups without any treatment – this is called watchful waiting. If you have complications or your symptoms are severe, your doctor may recommend surgery. However, if your symptoms are moderate, your doctor will prescribe medication. Steps to better prostate health: Although you cannot prevent the prostate from enlarging, you can take measures to reduce your symptoms. You can: * Limit intake of liquids in the evening, especially those containing alcohol and caffeine. * Diet control: Avoid sugar, tobacco, sodas, spicy food, coffee, alcohol and red meats. Eat more of vegetables, peas, dals, beans and fresh fish. * Ask your doctor whether you can change or eliminate medications that can aggravate the problem (e.g. medication for cough and cold, depression etc.) * Kegel exercises strengthen the pelvic muscle (the muscles that you use to urinate) Making these muscles stronger helps you hold urine in bladder longer. * Yoga stretches and strengthens your muscles, improves circulation of blood. Be happy– have a loving relationship with your spouse. Alternative treatments may involve the use of herbal remedies including saw palmetto extract, pygeum, and pumpkin seed oil. Saw palmetto (Serenoa repens) is a small palm tree native to the southeast coast of the U.S. and to Texas, traditionally used by Native Americans as both food and medicine. It appears to help inhibit the conversion of testosterone to DHT and to reduce the urological disorders associated with the problem. These benefits and the good tolerability of saw palmetto are well documented for those suffering mild to moderate BPH. In fact, the bulk of the results obtained in double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials and in large clinical studies demonstrates that saw palmetto extract is both effective and safe for relieving urological disorders associated with BPH. Research comparing saw palmetto to the prescription drug Proscar, also known as finasteride, is particularly interesting. (Like saw palmetto, Proscar inhibits the conversion of testosterone to DHT.) During the course of a six-month double-blind randomized equivalence study, 1,098 men with moderate BPH experienced significant decrease in symptoms with the use of saw palmetto, improvement in quality of life, and increase in urinary flow rate. Furthermore, saw palmetto fared better than Proscar in a sexual function questionnaire and gave rise to fewer complaints of decreased libido and impotence. Much of the research conducted on saw palmetto involved an intake of 160 mg twice daily or 320 mg once daily of a specific extract standardized for 85 to 95 percent fatty acids. This type of extract can only be found in soft gels. Pygeum (Pygeum africanum) possesses anti-inflammatory properties that are particularly effective for treating the prostate. This herb works, at least in part, by inhibiting the formation of well-known factors that incite inflammation. In an evaluation of 18 randomized and controlled trials involving 1,562 men with BPH, the evidence suggests that pygeum extract significantly improves urinary symptoms and flow measures. In a similar review of published research on pygeum, reviewers found that it provides moderately large benefits in the combined outcome of urinary symptoms and flow measures compared to a placebo.The dose of pygeum extract usually used is 50 mg twice daily, or 100 mg once daily. Pumpkin seeds are a common treatment for BPH. In a large clinical trial involving 2,245 men, pumpkin seed extract decreased BPH symptoms by 47 percent and improved quality of life by 46 percent. In combination with saw palmetto, pumpkin seed oil successfully reduces BPH symptoms, as demonstrated in a double-blind study. Similarly, in a large clinical trial with 1,305 men suffering from BPH, pumpkin seed and saw palmetto reduced daytime urination frequency in 68 percent of patients, and nighttime urination frequency in 82 percent of patients. Extensive research and testing on herbalingredients by Himalaya has resulted in a unique dual actionherbomineral preparation, Himplasia, which helps men cope with BPH. Itcontains important herbs like Varuna, Puga & Gokshura that improveurogenital health.
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